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FAQ - Personality Assessments

Using Assessments:


I have heard that testing is not legal. Is that true?
That is clearly not true. In fact, proper use of good assessments can provide the most effective documentation of objective and nondiscriminatory hiring practices. Most legal issues occur when those instruments are used inconsistently or improperly. It is important to consult with individuals who are knowledgeable in such applications. Too often companies have failed to gain the benefits of new assessment technology because of conservative but uninformed advice. In today's competitive world, businesses can no longer afford not to explore every possible competitive advantage.
Won't some people be offended by being asked to complete a test?
Certainly, but if some people are offended by a company's sincere and professional efforts to ensure the success of their employees through effective job matching, it is a small price to pay for the overall benefits to all employees in the company.


Aren't there some people who just don't do well on tests?

The inherent concept in the newest assessment technology is that all people are good at something, but no one is good at everything. That includes testing. In general, most people are anxious about taking any kind of assessment. This reaction has been conditioned by years in school, where passing or failing a test determined an individual's class standing. Other tests such as driving tests or medical tests also contributed to this attitude. This is why it is important to explain the purpose of any test or assessment to all candidates before it is given. Many of the latest instruments provide preliminary messages that do exactly that and put the candidate at ease, whether the instrument is delivered on the Internet or on paper.

It is important to recognize that people with poor skills will seldom be enthusiastic when asked to take a test to measure those skills. People with performance problems will not be enthusiastic about completing an assessment to see how their abilities match a particular job. That is exactly why assessments are a vital part of today's business world. Effective assessment instruments can identify the critical areas that people do not want to reveal, but that the business must know in order to make the best decision.



Our selection process is rather long now. How can we find time to fit in any tests?
The use of good assessments tends to collapse the time needed for selection decisions, not make it longer. Using a 10 minute instrument such as FirstViewTM enables an employer to effectively screen out unsuitable candidates before spending substantial amounts of interviewing time with them. By focusing the selection efforts on those candidates that are most likely to succeed, employers can not only make faster decisions but more accurate decisions. By accelerating the hiring decision, employers also become more competitive at capturing talent in their job market.

We use recruiters for our key positions. Finding good people is their job. Why should we use testing?

Professional recruiters can offer significant advantages in seeking candidates for many positions, but it is important to remember these caveats:
- Recruiters get paid for filling positions.
- Recruiters do not get paid for screening out candidates.
- The worst recruiter using good assessments will make fewer mistakes than the best recruiter who does not use assessments.

By incorporating good assessments into the recruiting process, you gain the benefits of recruiting professionals and at the same time, gain insurance against them making a mistake that costs you money.



We use a customized interview system that seems to be effective. Do we also need testing?
Customized interview systems, behavioral event-based interviewing, targeted interviewing, and competency-based interviewing are all sound methods for identifying potentially successful job candidates. Several systems use bio-data surveys to profile successful employees and then attempt to match interviewees to that profile. These programs can be an effective part of an employer's hiring process, however, they lack the objective measurement of current assessments. As more people become involved with the interviewing, the system becomes more vulnerable to the subjective differences of each individual interviewer. The process also requires a substantial amount of interviewing time to accomplish the screening that newer instruments such as FirstViewTM can do in a matter of minutes. These instruments even provide behavioral interview questions based on the individual characteristics of the candidates. By screening candidates before in-depth interviews, the process is made much more efficient. FirstViewTM can actually be adapted to incorporate your own interview questions into the FirstViewTM system, and then you can have the best of both worlds


We use an industrial psychologist. Why should we consider assessments?

Industrial psychologists play an important role by supplying a professional psychological opinion as a supplement to many decision-making processes. This can be quite expensive however. It often makes sense to use an inexpensive assessment tool, such as FirstViewTM, to screen out unsuitable candidates before incurring the expense of the psychologist.

Several things must also be clear about the role of the psychologist:
- The use of an industrial psychologist to supply information used for a hiring
or placement decision in no way limits the exposure of the client company to federal and state regulations (e.g. If that information can be shown to be discriminatory, the decision can be shown to be discriminatory.).
- The psychologist's summary information is only as good as the assessments used
to obtain the initial data. (i.e. A psychologist using First or Second Generation tools cannot provide Fifth or Sixth Generation quality information.).



I want to use assessments to help us hire better people. What is the best way to do that?
The best answer to that question depends upon many factors, such as the nature of the employer, the population of job candidates, the current market conditions, and many more.


Can we use assessments with our current employees?
Of course, you can use assessments in many ways with existing employees. Good assessment information can help solve performance problems and improve working relationships dramatically. You may also use them selectively; it is not necessary to test as comprehensively as in a hiring situation. 

 

Choosing Assessments


I tried one of those DISC-type instruments and the report really seemed to describe me pretty well. Doesn't that mean the test is a good one?
Not necessarily. All personality tests work to some degree. The question for you is whether the information is specific enough to drive serious business decisions. Many simple instruments rely on a psychological experience known as the "P.T. Barnum Effect." Experiments have demonstrated that when personality reports are written in fairly general terms, most people judge them to be accurate representations of themselves. This "Effect" is the trick behind the "try it and see if it is accurate" approach. It is not that the information is wrong, but that it is seldom adequate for serious business decisions. In fact, one expert described such reports as being "just right enough to be dangerously wrong."

What should I look for in selecting an instrument?

First of all, be clear on what you want the instrument to do. Instruments are designed for specific uses. Ask to see example of how the instruments were used.

Second, consider your resources. Who will be using the information? Certain instruments provide excellent information but considerable training is required to use the information effectively. This can be a problem if you want the information to be useful to a wide range of people. FirstViewTM produces a unique form of report writing, known as a virtual interview. This type of report requires no interpretation or training and offers specific information on job behaviors.

Third, consider the logistics of your application. Do you want the instrument available online? On paper? On Screen? Do you want to process the reports in-house?

Fourth, how much time do you have? Traditionally, higher quality instruments required as much as 1-2 hours to complete; the only shorter instruments were of substantially less quality. FirstViewTM was the first in a new Generation of higher quality assessment tools that require less than 15 minutes to complete.


How do I know an instrument is valid?

All instruments are valid for some purpose. Validity is not an intrinsic characteristic. Assessments are validated for a specific use within a specific population. (Eg. DISC-type and Myers-Brigg Type instruments were never intended to be used as a stand-alone for hiring decisions, but as a vehicle to discuss communication styles or to assist in behavioral interviewing.) Be certain that the products you choose were developed for the purpose you need.

I have heard that I should ask to see the technical manual for the instrument. What is that?

A thorough technical manual describes the development of the instrument. It will generally include the objectives of the instrument's use; the concepts behind its design; the methodology used in the development process; and the statistical data upon which the instrument's information is based. Unfortunately, the existence of a technical manual, regardless of how thick or complex it may be, is not a guarantee of quality. Knowing that most buyers are not trained to understand psychometric terminology and statistical data, a number of companies have put quite a bit of creative energy into providing an impressive technical manual for some rather unimpressive products. You would do well to consider the author of these manuals and who was the technical expertise behind the development of the instrument. Fortunately, many of the newer instruments are offering user-friendly versions of their technical manuals, which are designed to educate the users and provide a guide to making a sound decision. FirstViewTM's Technical Manual is an example of this innovation. It was authored by Dr. Leonard Goodstein, former President of the American Psychological Association and co-author of Personality Assessment, one of the principal textbooks on the subject of assessments. 

We have used a first generation instrument for years and everyone really likes it. Why should we change?
First of all, it is important to separate the emotional feelings of familiarity from the pragmatic issues of effectiveness. Think back to your first computer. Was it a 386; 486; Mac SE? Do you still use it? Of course not! Did it stop working? Probably not. You just changed to newer technology because it could do things the old computer could not. Assessment technology is the same thing. Fifth and sixth generation instruments are simply capable of providing levels of information undreamed of with earlier instruments. 

What do you think about instruments that rely on success profiles or benchmarking of jobs?

Success profiling was a method for studying large populations of homogenous workers to determine the characteristics that were common to those workers producing a superior level of performance. This methodology is the core strategy of many popular assessment instruments, and it is very appealing to businesses who want to "hire more people like that one." This strategy can be effective in the right circumstances, with a large population of people in the same jobs, working in the same conditions, with the same resources, with the same management, in a stable environment. However, when the jobs vary, or the management varies, or the environment changes frequently, or other things are different, the success profiling concept becomes problematical.

The other limitation is in the collection of data. Most companies have difficulty agreeing on exactly what top performance is. The answer for some assessment companies is to refer buyers to their years of research and many thousands of people tested. They then provide success profiles based upon this data. Experience shows that while these ready made success patterns can be helpful in some cases, they seldom deliver the results that the buyer expects.

Small businesses also have difficulty using the benchmarking concept, since they have many positions with only one or two employees, and therefore lack a robust sample for the study. Job requirement questionnaires may be used to collect data on such positions, but it can be difficult. More importantly, small business employees must generally function in many roles, depending upon the demands of business. The jobs are rarely stable enough to develop reliable profiles.

Even when success profiles are successfully created, they must be revisited on a regular basis to ensure that they still match the positions. With the rapid pace of change in today's business world, this can be as often as every six months.


We were considering creating our own tests. Wouldn't that be better than buying something off the shelf?
It depends on what you are trying to measure. If there is some unique skill, ability, or set of knowledge that is critical to successful performance in a particular job, and there is not an existing instrument that measures that, it may be necessary to construct one. However, if job success is more dependent upon a unique combination of fundamental characteristics of behavior and abilities, it is much better to use established tools. The major assessment instruments, such as those in the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Generations, required years to develop; thousands of people to participate in the normative studies; many hundreds of thousands of dollars; and the expertise found in a relatively small number of psychometric experts. It is usually more economical and more effective to buy that level of expertise. While producing "customized" tests may offer a surface appeal, it is rarely a wise expenditure of resources with so many other options available.

Used by permission of the publisher: HRD Press, Amherst, Massachusetts. Copyright © 2002, Psichometrics, LLC